Indonesia is moving 14 of its carbon emission reduction projects from the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism to the Paris Agreement's Article 6.4 mechanism, signalling a strategic shift to align with international climate commitments and expand its renewable energy initiatives.
Indonesia is currently transitioning 14 of its carbon emission reduction projects from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which was part of the Kyoto Protocol, to the Paris Agreement's Article 6.4 mechanism, often referred to as the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM). This move involves projects that collectively aim to reduce approximately 4.8 million tons of CO2 equivalent. According to Ary Sudijanto, Deputy for Climate Change Management and Carbon Economic Value Governance at the Environment Ministry’s Environmental Control Agency, these CDM projects, which continued beyond the Kyoto Protocol's expiration in 2020, are now being aligned with the newer Paris framework. The Environment Ministry has assured full support for this process and has a timeline of three months to submit the necessary documentation to the UNFCCC Secretariat.
PACM under Article 6.4 serves as a platform for international cooperation on carbon markets, enabling the transfer and trading of verified carbon reductions. It does not replace the CDM outright but provides a mechanism for existing projects to transition into the Paris Agreement's broader market system. The UNFCCC has established clear criteria for this shift, including specific procedural requirements and documentation standards that ensure the integrity and tradability of emission reductions. Eligible projects include geothermal energy, biogas processing from waste management, hydroelectric power plants, and methane capture initiatives, reflecting Indonesia’s commitment to expanding renewable energy and lowering its carbon footprint.
This transition aligns with Indonesia's efforts to harmonize its carbon market regulations with international climate commitments, including ongoing discussions related to COP processes and the evolving Paris Agreement implementation. Recent regulatory revisions have introduced new methodologies and standards, and the integration of national registries with the PACM registry is underway. These steps are vital for Indonesia to fully leverage Article 6’s mechanisms, facilitating both market-based and non-market climate strategies to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
On the international cooperation front, Indonesia has been strengthening partnerships to support its climate efforts. Notably, the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) facilitated a bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Norway under Article 6, aimed at advancing climate cooperation through carbon transactions. This arrangement is part of Norway's broader Global Emission Reduction (NOGER) Initiative launched in 2024, which supports emission mitigation in partner countries while contributing to Norway’s goal of climate neutrality by 2030.
Domestically, the incoming Indonesian government has outlined ambitious plans to develop a green economy, including the establishment of a $65 billion green fund by 2028. This fund is expected to be financed largely through the sale of carbon credits generated from activities such as rainforest preservation, reforestation, and peatland and mangrove restoration. However, industry experts emphasize the importance of robust regulatory oversight to ensure the credibility of these projects amid intense competition in global carbon markets. A new national regulator is anticipated to oversee these activities, ensuring alignment with Indonesia's commitments under the Paris Agreement.
Furthermore, dialogues and knowledge sharing continue at international forums. For example, the Paris Agreement Article 6 Implementation Partnership (A6IP) held its second advisory group meeting in Tokyo, where representatives from governments, private sector entities, and support organizations exchanged best practices and addressed implementation challenges associated with Article 6 mechanisms.
Overall, Indonesia's efforts to transition existing CDM projects into the Paris Agreement framework reflect a comprehensive approach that combines regulatory adjustments, international collaboration, and innovative market strategies. These initiatives are crucial for advancing the country’s climate goals, supporting sustainable development, and fostering greater integration into global carbon markets.
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Source: Noah Wire Services
Verification / Sources
- https://en.antaranews.com/news/379541/indonesia-shifts-14-carbon-projects-to-paris-agreement-mechanism - Please view link - unable to able to access data
- https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/paris-agreement-crediting-mechanism/transition-of-cdm-activities-to-article-64-mechanism - The UNFCCC outlines the transition process for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects to the Article 6.4 mechanism of the Paris Agreement. It details the eligibility criteria, required conditions, and deadlines for CDM activities seeking to transition, including the submission process and necessary documentation. The page also provides links to relevant resources and FAQs to assist project participants in understanding and navigating the transition process effectively.
- https://www.arma-law.com/news-event/newsflash/aligning-indonesias-carbon-market-regulations-with-cop29-outcomes-and-article-6-compliance - This article discusses Indonesia's efforts to align its carbon market regulations with the outcomes of COP29 and ensure compliance with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It highlights the establishment of the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) under Article 6.4, the adoption of new methodological standards, and the process for transitioning CDM projects to this mechanism. The piece also covers the authorization process for emission reductions and the integration of national registries with the PACM registry.
- https://gggi.org/indonesia-and-norway-sign-bilateral-agreement-under-article-6-to-advance-climate-cooperation-with-gggi-support/ - The Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) facilitated the signing of a Bilateral Agreement under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement between Norway and Indonesia. This agreement aims to advance climate cooperation by enabling carbon transactions aligned with Article 6, supporting Indonesia's mitigation actions through carbon finance. The initiative is part of Norway's Global Emission Reduction (NOGER) Initiative, launched in 2024, which seeks to contribute to emission reductions in host countries while helping Norway achieve climate neutrality by 2030.
- https://indonesiaunfccc.com/cop29/d6/ - This page provides information on Indonesia's implementation of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and enhancement of ambition based on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It outlines the background of the Paris Agreement, the decisions made during COP3 and COP4 regarding Article 6, and the mechanisms for voluntary cooperation in market and non-market approaches. The page emphasizes the importance of trading and sharing financing to carry out mitigation and adaptation actions to produce reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
- https://www.iges.or.jp/en/news/20250418 - The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) reports on the second Advisory Group Meeting of the Paris Agreement Article 6 Implementation Partnership (A6IP) Center, held in Tokyo. The meeting served as a platform for key practitioners engaged in Article 6 to exchange information and address challenges related to its implementation and oversight. Approximately 90 participants, including representatives from national governments, implementation support organizations, and private-sector entities, shared updates on greenhouse gas emission reduction initiatives and best practices.
- https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesias-prabowo-plans-65-bln-green-fund-selling-carbon-credits-2024-09-13/ - Reuters reports that Indonesia's President-elect Prabowo Subianto plans to establish a $65 billion green economy fund by 2028 through selling carbon credits derived from projects such as rainforest preservation, reforestation, and peatland and mangrove replanting. An advisor on climate policies, Ferry Latuhihin, stated that a new regulator would oversee carbon emission rules to achieve Indonesia's Paris Agreement targets. This initiative aims to leverage Indonesia's vast natural resources but faces challenges, including competition in global carbon markets and ensuring project credibility.
Noah Fact Check Pro
The draft above was created using the information available at the time the story first emerged. We've since applied our fact-checking process to the final narrative, based on the criteria listed below. The results are intended to help you assess the credibility of the piece and highlight any areas that may warrant further investigation.
Freshness check
Score: 10
Notes: ✅ The narrative is fresh, published on September 12, 2025, with no prior appearances found. The report is based on a press release from the Indonesian Environment Ministry, which typically warrants a high freshness score. 🕰️
Quotes check
Score: 10
Notes: ✅ No direct quotes are present in the narrative, indicating original content. 🕰️
Source reliability
Score: 9
Notes: ✅ The narrative originates from ANTARA News, Indonesia's state news agency, which is generally considered reliable. However, as a state-run outlet, it may have certain biases. ⚖️
Plausability check
Score: 10
Notes: ✅ The claims are plausible and align with Indonesia's recent climate initiatives. The report includes specific details about the projects and the transition process, enhancing credibility. 🕰️
Overall assessment
Veredict (FAIL, OPEN, PASS): PASS
Confidence (LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH): HIGH
Summary: ✅ The narrative is fresh, original, and plausible, with no significant issues identified. The source is reliable, and the content aligns with Indonesia's recent climate initiatives. 🕰️