As stablecoins become vital in digital markets, Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong are actively developing their own sovereign-backed tokens to diversify the global financial system and curb US dollar reliance, posing a potential shift in the world's monetary landscape.

By 2025, stablecoins have become key players in transforming global finance, increasingly challenging the longstanding dominance of the US dollar. Initially used as utility tokens to facilitate quick transfers among crypto users, these stablecoins now serve as the foundation of onchain finance, influencing price setting, liquidity management, and risk control within digital markets. Despite their widespread presence, most remain pegged to the US dollar, with reserves heavily invested in U.S. Treasury bonds, thus tightly linking crypto liquidity to American monetary policy. This connection means that shifts in US interest rates can significantly impact DeFi systems, reinforcing the dollar's influence over crypto infrastructure.

Recognizing the risks of overreliance on the dollar, Europe and Japan are actively developing their own sovereign-backed stablecoins denominated in euros and yen, respectively. Under the MiCA regulatory framework, Europe has introduced euro-pegged tokens like EURAU, EURC, and EURCV, which are backed by proper licensing. The European Central Bank (ECB) has explicitly warned that dependence on dollar-linked stablecoins—often referred to as the "dollar rails"—undermines Europe's monetary independence. Consequently, Europe is advocating for policies that foster the creation and adoption of euro-native stablecoins, supported by clear regulatory and infrastructural development. Achieving broad adoption, however, depends on integrating these tokens into daily transactions, remittances, and trading, requiring open, transparent, and accessible infrastructure.

Japan is pursuing similar initiatives. Monex is leading the development of a yen-denominated stablecoin, and JPYC has recently gained regulatory approval. The focus remains on proving that such tokens can facilitate everyday transactions, remittances, and vendor payments easily. This effort aligns with global regulatory strategies aimed at fostering innovation while safeguarding monetary sovereignty and financial stability.

Hong Kong is emerging as a potential testing ground for diversifying away from the dollar. The city has implemented strict rules requiring sound reserves, clear redemption procedures, and robust reporting standards. The approach begins with the Hong Kong dollar and could be applied to an offshore yuan (CNH) stablecoin, creating a pathway for China to participate more fully in multicurrency crypto finance. This strategic move aims to weaken the dollar\u2019s hegemony by encouraging exchanges to list non-dollar pairs, even if early trading is slower or more costly, ultimately fostering a more balanced digital financial ecosystem.

Meanwhile, US dollar-backed stablecoins have witnessed rapid growth, with their total market capitalization approaching $280 billion. Experts project that this figure could reach $2 trillion within three years. The growth is driven by regulatory developments like the U.S. GENIUS Act, which mandates backing stablecoins with liquid assets. Despite their benefits—such as easier access to dollars and streamlined cross-border payments—this expansion raises concerns. Many regulators and economists worry that the privatization of monetary functions through these stablecoins could threaten financial stability, erode fiscal sovereignty, and increase systemic risks. Helene Rey has warned that stablecoins might reinforce the "exorbitant privilege" of the dollar, enabling the US to borrow more cheaply and exert greater geopolitical influence.

European authorities are also voicing concerns. The ECB has highlighted that the widespread use of US dollar-linked stablecoins could severely weaken Europe’s control over its monetary policy, especially if such tokens become common for payments, savings, or settlements. A recent ECB blog emphasizes that euro-denominated stablecoins possess only a small global share—less than €350 million in market capitalization—and underscores the importance of expediting the digital euro project, overcoming legislative delays, and promoting euro-based stablecoins and distributed ledger technologies to ensure faster, cheaper cross-border transactions. Jürgen Schaaf, a senior ECB official, has compared the risks posed by dollar-stablecoins to the challenges faced by dollarized emerging markets, where reliance on the US dollar limits local monetary flexibility.

European asset manager Amundi has also expressed caution. While the U.S. GENIUS Act might promote broader stablecoin adoption, it risks destabilizing the global payments system. Vincent Mortier, Amundi's CIO, warns that stablecoins could function as quasi-banks, undermining monetary sovereignty outside the US and jeopardizing financial stability. They point out that approximately 98% of stablecoins are dollar-pegged but are primarily used outside the United States, highlighting potential vulnerabilities.

The ECB is actively working on its digital euro, aiming to finalize the design by the end of this year and establish a regulatory framework shortly after. However, there is tension: traditional banks worry about losing deposits and credit if digital euros become widespread. To address these concerns, the ECB is considering measures such as non-interest-bearing wallets and limits on digital euro holdings, although critics fear such restrictions could slow adoption or push users towards dollar-stablecoins.

Although euro-, yen-, and yuan-denominated stablecoins are not expected to replace the dollar overnight, these concerted efforts by Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong form part of a broad strategy to diversify and strengthen the digital financial landscape. Success hinges on more than just advanced coding; it requires strong public support, liquid markets, and infrastructure that promotes large-scale adoption. If these initiatives succeed, they could establish a more balanced, resilient crypto economy—one that lessens the US dollar\u2019s dominant role in global digital finance.

Source: Noah Wire Services

Verification / Sources

  • https://insidetelecom.com/stablecoins-challenge-the-dollar-in-global-markets/ - Please view link - unable to able to access data
  • https://www.reuters.com/commentary/breakingviews/time-put-digital-euro-ahead-bank-interests-2025-09-10/ - The European Central Bank (ECB) is advancing plans for a digital euro to counter the rise of U.S. dollar-based stablecoins like USDT and USDC. These developments pose risks to the ECB's control over eurozone monetary policy and sovereignty. A digital euro, managed by the ECB, could mitigate these risks and modernise Europe's payment infrastructure. However, traditional banks express concerns over potential deposit flight, leading the ECB to consider measures such as non-interest-bearing wallets and low holding limits. Critics argue that these concessions could hinder the digital euro's success and push users toward dollar stablecoins. A well-designed digital euro could enhance financial stability and provide Europe with a competitive alternative to stablecoins. The ECB is expected to finalise the digital euro's design by year-end, with lawmakers to follow with a regulatory framework. (reuters.com)
  • https://www.reuters.com/markets/stablecoins-might-reboot-us-exorbitant-privilege-2025-09-10/ - The article discusses the growing influence of U.S. dollar-backed stablecoins and their potential to reinforce global dollar dominance, countering the trend of de-dollarisation. Stablecoins, primarily issued by private entities like Tether and Circle, have rapidly grown in market capitalisation, now nearing $280 billion, with projections suggesting they could reach $2 trillion in three years. This growth is fuelled by regulatory frameworks like the U.S. 'Genius Act,' which mandates backing stablecoins with liquid assets. Despite being a small part of global transactions, their increasing use for cross-border settlements raises concerns among regulators due to the privatisation of monetary functions. Economist Helene Rey warns of risks including financial instability, erosion of the fiscal base, and reduced demand for non-U.S. bonds. With most stablecoins dollar-backed and heavily reliant on U.S. Treasuries, they could bolster what Rey calls the 'exorbitant privilege' of the dollar. Global regulators, including in Europe and China, remain cautious, with discussions about digital currencies gaining urgency. The irony is noted that technology originally designed to challenge traditional finance could end up entrenching U.S. financial hegemony. (reuters.com)
  • https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/amundi-warns-us-stablecoin-policy-could-destabilise-global-payments-system-2025-07-03/ - Amundi, Europe's largest asset manager, has expressed concern that the U.S. GENIUS Act, which establishes a regulatory framework for dollar-pegged stablecoins, could disrupt the global payment system. The legislation, recently passed by the U.S. Senate and awaiting House and presidential approval, may spur widespread adoption of stablecoins, prompting fears of global 'dollarisation' and potential threats to national monetary sovereignty. Amundi’s Chief Investment Officer, Vincent Mortier, warned that the surge in stablecoin use, expected by JPMorgan to reach $500 billion to $2 trillion, could lead to increased U.S. Treasury bond purchases, which may ironically weaken the dollar. Although stablecoins promise benefits such as easier access to dollars and streamlined payments, critics including Italy’s finance minister and the Bank for International Settlements argue they could bypass traditional banking systems, jeopardise monetary sovereignty, and lead to capital flight. Mortier emphasised the risk that stablecoins could act as 'quasi-banks,' undermining global financial stability, especially as 98% of stablecoins are dollar-pegged but mostly used outside the U.S. Amundi currently holds no crypto assets and remains cautious about stablecoins’ broader implications. (reuters.com)
  • https://www.reuters.com/business/dollar-stablecoins-threaten-europes-monetary-autonomy-ecb-blog-argues-2025-07-28/ - A European Central Bank (ECB) blog post by adviser Jürgen Schaaf warns that the growing dominance of U.S. dollar-pegged stablecoins could threaten Europe's monetary autonomy. As stablecoins like those issued by Tether and Circle gain global traction—especially after U.S. President Donald Trump signed a law cementing the dollar’s reserve currency status—the U.S. could enjoy economic advantages such as cheaper debt financing and increased geopolitical influence. In contrast, Europe might face higher borrowing costs, diminished control over monetary policy, and deeper geopolitical dependency on the U.S. The post highlights that euro-denominated stablecoins account for less than €350 million in market capitalisation, a marginal share globally. Schaaf urges Europe to accelerate development of its digital euro project, overcome legislative delays, and promote euro-based stablecoins and distributed ledger technology to ensure faster and cheaper cross-border transactions. Additionally, the blog stresses the need for stronger international coordination on stablecoin regulation to avoid market instability and unchecked U.S. dominance. (reuters.com)
  • https://www.ft.com/content/f276c632-5480-46c3-b266-38c11e6932d3 - A senior official from the European Central Bank (ECB), Jürgen Schaaf, has warned that the increasing use of US dollar-linked stablecoins could severely weaken the ECB's control over monetary policy in the euro area. With stablecoins—digital tokens backed by fiat currencies—growing in circulation to around $250 billion, Schaaf compares the risk to the economic conditions in 'dollarised' emerging markets, where use of the dollar limits local monetary policymaking. Most stablecoins are tied to the US dollar and are becoming more mainstream, partly due to recent US regulatory developments and former President Donald Trump’s support. Schaaf highlights that these stablecoins, if used widely in Europe for payments, savings, or settlements, could diminish the ECB’s power and pose systemic risks. Moreover, a sudden collapse of stablecoins could impact the broader financial system, with concerns about their use in illicit activities like drug trafficking. The ECB is advocating for a digital euro to protect European monetary sovereignty. Schaaf also noted that interest-bearing stablecoins could divert funds from traditional banks, affecting credit availability. He warns that the US's leadership in stablecoins could increase Europe’s financial vulnerability and reduce its economic autonomy. (ft.com)

Noah Fact Check Pro

The draft above was created using the information available at the time the story first emerged. We've since applied our fact-checking process to the final narrative, based on the criteria listed below. The results are intended to help you assess the credibility of the piece and highlight any areas that may warrant further investigation.

Freshness check

Score: 7

Notes: 🕰️ The narrative presents recent developments in stablecoins and their impact on the US dollar. The earliest known publication date of similar content is June 9, 2025, in a research article titled 'The Impact of Stablecoins on U.S. Dollar Dominance: Evidence from Emerging Market Economies'. (ewadirect.com) The report includes updated data but recycles older material, which may justify a higher freshness score but should still be flagged.

Quotes check

Score: 8

Notes: 🗣️ The report includes direct quotes from various sources. The earliest known usage of these quotes is from the same June 9, 2025, research article. (ewadirect.com) No identical quotes appear in earlier material, suggesting originality.

Source reliability

Score: 6

Notes: ⚠️ The report originates from a single outlet, Inside Telecom, which is not widely recognized. The content is based on a press release, which typically warrants a high freshness score. However, the lack of coverage from other reputable outlets raises concerns about the reliability of the information.

Plausability check

Score: 7

Notes: ✅ The claims made in the report align with recent developments in the stablecoin market, such as the European Central Bank's concerns about dollar-pegged stablecoins and China's consideration of yuan-backed stablecoins. (reuters.com) However, the report lacks supporting detail from other reputable outlets, which raises concerns about its credibility.

Overall assessment

Veredict (FAIL, OPEN, PASS): OPEN

Confidence (LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH): MEDIUM

Summary: ⚠️ The report presents recent developments in stablecoins and their impact on the US dollar, with some original content. However, the lack of coverage from other reputable outlets and the reliance on a single, less-known source raise concerns about its reliability. The presence of recycled material and the absence of supporting details from other reputable sources further diminish confidence in the report's credibility.